Background: Management of adolescent obesity requires a range of evidence –based dietary interventions1. This study explored the outcomes of a multidisciplinary weight management program for adolescents with obesity in a tertiary setting. The 6 month dietetic and medical led program offers adolescents the choice of 3 dietary interventions; a Very Low Energy Diet (VLED), Intermittent Energy Restriction (IER) and Higher Protein Diet (HPD).
Methods: A retrospective medical chart review of the Adolescent Weight Management Program at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead between October 2014 to December 2017 was conducted. Participants (n=57) aged 14-17y who engaged with the program were identified, and anthropometric data extracted for index calculations. Statistical analysis was intention-to-treat, and sub-group analysis was completed to compare sex, dietary interventions and attendance between engagers(n=47) and program completers (n=10).
Results: Weight- related outcomes significantly improved from baseline until last contact with the clinic: BMI z-score (-0.05±0.45, p<0.001), weight (-2.32±6.49kg, p=0.021), waist circumference (WC; -2.3±6.49cm, p=0.03), BMI (-1.06±2.08kg/m2, p=0.001), , BMI expressed as a percentage of the 95th percentile (BMI95; -7.89±12.19%, p<0.001) and Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHR; -0.02±0.16, p=0.01). Attendance decreased over time. Increased contact with the clinic significantly improved all weight-related outcomes. Adolescents who completed the program (n=10) had significant reductions in weight related outcomes, including BMI z-score (-0.15±0.13, p=0.021); and BMI95 (-7.63±7.46%, p=0.043). Girls (n=6) had greater reductions in BMI z-score and centile (-0.11±0.06, p=0.02 and -0.35±0.17, p=0.017) compared to boys. Changes in weight-related outcomes were greatest for adolescents following a VLED; n=16), particularly for BMI z-score (-0.12±0.11) and BMI95 (-5.44±6.19%), in comparison to the IER (-0.09±0.13, -3.49±4.68% respectively) and HPD (-0.05±0.13, -1.12±5.01% respectively).
Conclusions: The results demonstrate the effectiveness of real-world clinical practice for management of adolescent obesity. VLEDs produce greater weight reductions overall. Increased attendance at clinic lead to a significant improvement in all weight related outcomes.